Concepts of Database Design (7e), Ch. 2

Question 1: Based on the Customer table below, which command lists all information from the table concerning customer 282?
CustomerNum CustomerName Street City State Zip
148 Al’s Appliance 28 Greenway Filmore FL 33336
282 Brookings 3827 Devon Grove FL 33321
Correct Answer: SELECT Customer WHERE CustomerNum=282 GIVING Answer

Question 2: A ____ query creates a new table using the query results.
Correct Answer: make-table

Question 3: Each column in a table should have a unique name, and entries in each column should all “match” this column name.
Correct Answer: True

Question 4: An unnormalized relation is a table that has more than one row.
Correct Answer: False

Question 5: If you are sorting records by more than one field, the more important field is called the ____.
Correct Answer: primary sort key

Question 6: The concept of grouping means that statistics will be calculated for individual records.
Correct Answer: False

Question 7: The ____ operator is used to concatenate every row in the first table with every row in the second table.
Correct Answer: product

Question 8: The ____ key of a table is the column or collection of columns that uniquely identifies a given row in that table.
Correct Answer: primary

Question 9: Count, Sum, Avg, Max, and Min are a few of the built-in statistics or ____ functions that can be used in a query.
Correct Answer: aggregate

Question 10: A query is a question represented in a way that the DBMS can recognize and process.
Correct Answer: True

Question 11: Based on the statement below, which of the following is the primary key?
Rep (RepNum, LastName, FirstName, Street, City, State, Zip, Commission, Rate)
Correct Answer: RepNum

Question 12: The compound criteria (conditions) are created by using ____.
Correct Answer: AND, OR

Question 13: A relational database is a collection of relations.
Correct Answer: True

Question 14: Using the product operator, if table A has 4 rows and table B has 4 rows, the number of rows in the product of these two tables is ____.
Correct Answer: 16

Question 15: You can restrict the output from a join to include only certain columns by using the ____ command.
Correct Answer: PROJECT

Question 16: The ____ command within relational algebra includes the word OVER followed by a list of the columns to be included.
Correct Answer: PROJECT

Question 17: A relation is a(n) ____.
Correct Answer: table

Question 18: QBE is a visual approach to writing queries.
Correct Answer: True

Question 19: A query that changes data is a(n) ____ query.
Correct Answer: update

Question 20: A column whose value uniquely identifies a given row in the table is the secondary key.
Correct Answer: False

Question 21: In a relation, the order of the columns is important.
Correct Answer: False

Question 22: Which operation will allow you to extract data from more than one table?
Correct Answer: Join

Question 23: In an AND criterion, the overall criterion is true if either of the individual criteria is true.
Correct Answer: False

Question 24: When duplicate column names exist in a database and you need to indicate the column to which you are referring, ____.
Correct Answer: write both the table name and the column name, separated by a period

Question 25: In a relation, the order of rows is important.
Correct Answer: False

Question 26: The ____ command within relational algebra takes a vertical subset of a table.
Correct Answer: PROJECT

Question 27: Two tables are considered to be ____ compatible if they have the same number of columns and their corresponding columns represent the same type of data.
Correct Answer: union

Question 28: The ____ operator is performed by the SUBTRACT command in relational algebra.
Correct Answer: difference

Question 29: The comparison operators are +, *, %, and /.
Correct Answer: False

Question 30: The product of two tables is also called the ____ product.
Correct Answer: Cartesian

Question 31: Access automatically adds double quotation marks around values in the design grid that are formatted as Text fields when you run the query or move the insertion point to another cell in the design grid.
Correct Answer: True

Question 32: Rows are also called ____.
Correct Answer: tuples

Question 33: The attributes of an entity become the fields or columns in a table.
Correct Answer: True

Question 34: A relational database handles entities, attributes, and relationships by storing each entity in its own table.
Correct Answer: True

Question 35: The comparison operators are also known as relational operators.
Correct Answer: True

Concepts of Database Design (7e), Ch. 1

An entity is also defined as an attribute.
Correct Answer: False

Employees using a database to enter data create the forms for the database.
Correct Answer: False

Sharing data is one advantage of database processing.
Correct Answer: True

Redundancy wastes space because you are storing different types of data in the same place.
Correct Answer: False

____ is the prevention of unauthorized access to the database.
Correct Answer: Security

A good ____ should provide an opportunity for users to incorporate integrity constraints when they design the database.
Correct Answer: DBMS

Each table in a database represents two or more entities.
Correct Answer: False

Popular ____ include Access, Oracle, DB2, MySQL, and SQL Server.
Correct Answer: DBMSs

A database can be password protected to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the data.
Correct Answer: True

____ are screen objects used to maintain, view, and print data from a database.
Correct Answer: Forms

The relationship between different entities (in different tables) is handled by their common columns.
Correct Answer: True

A(n) ____ is also called a field or column in many database systems.
Correct Answer: attribute

There is a greater impact of failure in a nondatabase, file-oriented system.
Correct Answer: False

A database has ____ if the data in it satisfies all established integrity constraints.
Correct Answer: integrity

An integrity constraint is a rule that ____.
Correct Answer: data must follow in the database

A database will not only hold information about multiple types of entities, but also information about the relationships among these multiple entities.
Correct Answer: True

A DBMS lets you assign users to ____.Answer
Correct Answer: groups

During the ____ process, a database expert determines the structure of the required database.
Correct Answer: database design

A visual way to represent a database is with a(n) ____.
Correct Answer: entity-relationship diagram

An attribute is a characteristic or property of an entity.
Correct Answer: True

The ____ of an entity become the columns in the database table.
Correct Answer: attributes

One disadvantage of a database system is ____.
Correct Answer: a larger file size

Redundancy makes changes more time-consuming since you must change the same information in a number of places.
Correct Answer: True

Storing the same data in more than one place is called ____.
Correct Answer: redundancy

An association between entities is known as a(n) ____.
Correct Answer: relationship

A(n) ____ is a person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data.
Correct Answer: entity

____ is a property that lets you change the structure of the database without requiring you to change the programs that access the database.
Correct Answer: Data independence

An attribute is known as a row in most databases.
Correct Answer: False

Programs created with Visual Basic, Java, Perl, PHP, or C++ can access the database directly, rather than having to access it through the DBMS.
Correct Answer: False

Software packages, called database management systems, can do the job of manipulating databases for you.
Correct Answer: True

Which of the following statements is correct?
Correct Answer: In a nondatabase, file-oriented environment, data is often partitioned into several disjointed systems with each system having its own collection of files.

An advantage of using the database approach to processing is that it facilitates consistency.
Correct Answer: True

A(n) ____ is the computer counterpart to an ordinary paper file you might keep in a file cabinet or an accounting ledger.
Correct Answer: data file

A(n) ____ frees programmers who write database access programs from having to engage in mundane data manipulation activities, such as adding new data and deleting existing data.
Correct Answer: DBMS

A person who is in charge of a database within an organization is often called the database ____.
Correct Answer: administrator

The West in the World, additional answer pools

Here are the official websites for the book. They have practice exams for each chapter.
2nd Edition Website
3rd Edition Website
4th Edition Website

The West in the World, Ch. 10 - 13

The West in the World, exam 3 (Ch. 10 - 13)
bold  = correct answer
strike through = incorrect answer

Question 1: The Renaissance began in
● Italy.
● France.
● England.
● Germany.

Question 2: The Renaissance
● was known for major new trends in literature, painting, sculpture, and architecture.
● came to an end because of the bubonic plague.
● was the era in which Medieval chivalry reached its peak.
● rejected the culture of the Greek and Roman worlds as not worth knowing.

Question 3: The core of Renaissance humanism was
● systematic theological study.
● the study of history, literature, and philosophy, stressing grammar, poetry, history, and ethics.
● a conscious attempt to imitate the virtues of the Germanic invaders of the Roman Empire.
● a great admiration for the cultural achievements of Mesopotamian civilization.

Question 4: A major patron of Renaissance art and humanism was
● the church.
● Renaissance cities.
● wealthy individuals.
● All of these are correct.

Question 5: The printing press was developed by
● Gutenberg.
● Petrarch.
● Salutari.
● Giotto.

Question 6: The success of the printing press in Europe in part depended upon
● Skilled scribes
● The study of classical texts
● Carolingian minuscule
● Paper-making technology

Question 7: During the Renaissance, the papacy
● was dominated by popes who were often great patrons of the arts; this led some to criticize the papacy for extravagance.
● attempted to dominate the Holy Roman Empire.
● opposed the Renaissance, burning several important Florentine intellectuals at the stake.
● was virtually a satellite of France.

Question 8: In his famous book, The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli argued that
● princes must always show the virtues of charity and generosity.
● princes must be educated humanists in order to rule well.
● princes must be ready to discard ethical principles to succeed.
● None of these are correct.

Question 9: Renaissance painters
● rejected realism and the full range of human expression.
● developed the technique of linear perspective so that the viewer was drawn into the painting that he viewed.
● regarded mathematical and optical accuracy as unworthy of a great artist's attention.
● None of these are correct.

Question 10: The figure who, more than anyone else, personified the "Renaissance Man" was
● Michelangelo.
● Leonardo da Vinci.
● Machiavelli.
● Brunelleschi.

Question 11:  Italian balance-of-power diplomacy
● Was designed to prevent a single Italian state from dominating the peninsula
● Successfully prevented foreign domination of Italy
● Was primarilyconcerned with controlling the papacy
● Was critical to the economic success of Italy

Question 12: William Shakespeare
● was strongly influenced by the Renaissance in his plays.
● took advantage of Renaissance English social mobility in his rise to prominence.
● gave a new enduring form to the ideals of the Renaissance, in popular theater that reached the masses.
● All of these are correct.

Question 13: During the Reformation
● the papacy was suspended for thirty-five years.
● Christianity divided into Protestantism and Catholicism.
● the Holy Roman Emperor regained all the power that he had once held during the Middle Ages.
● the Mongols conquered Europe

Question 14: Because of the Reformation,
● Spain became Protestant.
● John Calvin became the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II.
● France had bitter religious wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots).
● England became firmly Catholic under Elizabeth I following a brief Protestant interlude.

Question 15: Luther believed that people’s souls were saved by
● Penance
● Indulgences
● Good works
● Faith

Question 16: Luther s Ninety-Five Theses were rapidly circulated throughout Europe in part because
● They called for a social revolution
● Of the printing press
● Of widespread literacy and education programs sponsored by Catholics
● They provided justifications for doing penance

Question 17: Warfare in the sixteenth century
● used a combination of muskets and pikes.
● became so costly that it strained the resources of even the wealthiest monarchs.
● saw important developments in military administration to supply the growing armies.
● All of these options are correct.

Question 18: Luther's Protestantism was characterized by all of the following except
● the priesthood of all believers.
● an emphasis on the individual's relationship to God.
● an emphasis on reading the Bible.
● the establishment of a new religious hierarchy paralleling that of the Catholic Church.

Question 19: The theological doctrine most commonly associated with Calvin was
● predestination.
● justification by faith
● seven sacraments.
● priesthood of all believers.

Question 20: The Peace of Augsburg in 1555
● established the Lutheran Church in Germany as an alternative to the Catholic Church.
● meant the triumph of Charles V over the German princes.
● permitted the pope to regain some of the authority he had lost in Germany because of the Reformation.
● meant the end of the Catholic Church in Germany.

Question 21: In the period of the Reformation, the Catholic Church
● virtually dissolved, not to be reconstituted for a century and a half.
● undertook its own Counter Reformation spearheaded by rigorous religious scholarship in Spain and by new religious orders such as the Jesuits.
● adopted most Protestant doctrines but retained the supremacy of the pope.
● None of these options are correct.

Question 22: The Council of Trent
● decided that each German prince could decide what type of Christianity should prevail in his domain.
● reached an agreement between Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin over Protestant doctrine.
● was held to end the Habsburg-Valois wars.
● defined Catholic doctrine during the Reformation.

Question 23: Henry VIII of England
● strongly supported the Reformation from the beginning.
● expected papal approval of his annulment of his marriage with Catharine of Aragon because popes had traditionally deferred to kings in these matters.
● was forced by Parliament to undertake the Reformation.
● was the father of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Question 24: The best description of Elizabeth I's religious policy is that
● as a strong Calvinist, she reorganized the Church of England along the lines of The Institutes of the Christian Religion.
● as a moderate Protestant, she opposed Catholics, but permitted all Protestants to worship together even if they had different doctrinal beliefs.
● as a strong supporter of the Church of England, she persecuted not only Catholics but also those Protestants who did not share her doctrinal beliefs.
● as the real originator of the Puritan movement, by the time of her death, she left the English Church in doctrinal and disciplinary chaos.

Question 25: The religious wars in France ended because
● Catherine de Medici, the real cause of the war, died.
● the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre killed so many French Protestants that the movement collapsed.
● Henry of Navarre, a Protestant survivor of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, became Catholic, satisfying most of his subjects.
● the pope, who had been the real cause of the wars, was succeeded by a more tolerant and pacific pontiff.

Question 26: The Thirty Years' War began
● when Philip II sent the Spanish Armada against England.
● when Charles V deliberately broke the Peace of Augsburg.
● with a Protestant religious revolt against the Catholic Habsburgs in Bohemia.
● when Philip II died.

Question 27: The Thirty Years' War ended because
● Ferdinand II totally defeated the Protestants of Germany.
● Gustavus Adolphus made himself the first Protestant Holy Roman Emperor.
● all sides were exhausted, with the most important rulers and generals on each side dead.
● the Bohemian revolt at long last succeeded after thirty years.

Question 28: The Venetian who traveled to China and who wrote a book of his experiences was
● Marco Polo.
● Vasco da Gama.
● Prester John.
● Christopher Columbus.

Question 29: A major reason for European exploration was
● to determine whether the earth was round or flat by looking for its edge.
● to prove that Ptolemy's idea of the size of the earth was wrong.
● to establish a direct trade route with the sources for silks and spices, and bypass Islamic middlemen.
● to test their new ships, sails, and navigational equipment

Question 30: The first European country to undertake exploration was
● Germany.
● Russia.
● Spain.
● Portugal.

Question 31: European exploration was made easier by
● the collapse of Islamic empires.
● the great success of The Crusades.
● improved ships, sails, and navigational equipment.
● the cooperativeness of the various European monarchs.

Question 32: Cortéz and Pizarro were able to conquer the Aztec and the Inca empires because
● the religious beliefs of the Aztecs and Incas inclined them to pacifism.
● the Spaniards outnumbered their opponents by at least two to one.
● the Spaniards possessed guns and steel weapons and were partially immune to the diseases that devastated the Indian population.
● the native military leaders were inept.

Question 33: The major reason for the brutal Spanish treatment of Indians in the New World was
● Indian refusal to become Christian.
● the need for labor to raise crops and extract precious metals from the mines.
● to satisfy a sixteenth century Spanish thirst for dominance.
● an extension of the inquisition.

Question 34: Sugar growers in the New World turned to Africa as a slave source because
● the great decline in the number of Indians made Columbus's suggestion of enslaving Indians impractical.
● Africans had a greater resistance to European diseases than the Indians and could survive in larger numbers.
● some African chiefs found that they could profit enormously through this trade.
● All of these options are correct.

Question 35: In the "Commercial Revolution" of the sixteenth century, which of the following did not occur?
● reduced government trade barriers and economic regulation
● major inflation
● commercial capitalism complete with the development of joint-stock companies
● enormous expansion of European markets, as a result of exploration

Question 36: The basic principle of Mercantilism was
● that international commerce could be greatly expanded by major international economic cooperation.
● that all matters of trade should be left to private, individual interests rather than to government dictation.
● that the amount of the world's wealth was fixed, so that one country could increase its trade and manufacturing only at the expense of others.
● that trade depended upon military support.

Question 37: The spread of European culture often resulted in
● the creation of a class of mestizos, persons of mixed European and Indian ancestry.
● widespread planting of wheat where it had not been planted before.
● the spread of dandelions, a European weed.
● All of these options are correct.

Question 38: European exploration led to major developments in map-making, including the famous map projection that permitted sailors to plot straight-line courses, a projection developed by
● Ptolemy.
● Mercator.
● Merian.
● Vespucci.

Question 39: The traditional society of seventeenth century Europe
● was overthrown in a revolution.
● was destroyed by the pressure put upon it by absolute monarchs.
● was based on a hierarchy of ranks and subranks that covered everyone from the highest to the lowest.
● believed that all men (but not all women) were created equal.

Question 40: Seventeenth century rural life was characterized by
● low taxes paid to the government.
● poverty, disease, and famine.
● early marriages and numerous and healthy children.
● None of these options are correct.

Question 41: Kings in the seventeenth century faced all of these problems except
● a great increase in the cost of war.
● a resistance to royal authority by major aristocrats.
● a violent popular movement for a republican form of government.
● the desire by town and provincial officials to maintain their authority in local matters

Question 42: It can be said of the reign of Louis XIV
● that it became the model of absolute monarchy, but was disfigured by high taxes and growing misery caused by expensive wars.
● that it ended in a major revolution that made France a constitutional monarchy.
● that it was an era of peace and low taxation.
● that French culture nearly collapsed, due to the negligence of the virtually illiterate monarch.

Question 43: The most important accomplishment of Austria in the seventeenth century under Leopold I was
● the defeat of the Ottoman Turks and the conquest of Hungary.
● the conquest of Poland.
● the construction of the great palace of Versailles.
● the imposition of Protestantism in his domains.

Question 44: In his policies, Peter the Great of Russia did all of the following except
● introduce Western customs into Russia, bringing women out of seclusion.
● travel to Western Europe to learn about politics and technology.
● wage a series of wars that made Russia a European power.
● introduce constitutional monarchy into Russia.

Question 45: The civil war in England
● resulted in the destruction of Parliament by Charles I.
● saw complete social equality established in England by the Levelers.
● saw no women serve as soldiers.
● resulted in a Parliamentary victory over Charles I, who was captured.

Question 46: Cromwell's political power in England was based on
● his control of the army, with the resulting military dictatorship.
● his ability to play king and Parliament against each other.
● his blatant, amoral, irreligious opportunism.
● his high moral character.

Question 47: The Glorious Revolution in England
● led to William of Orange coming to the English throne.
● was caused in part by the Catholic policies of James II.
● led to the reduction of Ireland to virtual colonial status.
● All of these options are correct.

Question 48: The Dutch Republic in the seventeenth century was noted
● for its political instability.
● for its fierce persecution of religious minorities.
● for its prosperity and religious toleration.
● for its strong support of Spanish policies.

Question 49: The English Puritans
● wanted to overthrow the Church of England.
● wished to purify not only the Church of England, but also daily life by outlawing theaters, cock-fighting, and other "frivolous" activities.
● reunited Protestant and Catholic churches.
● strongly advocated submission to the will of the monarch.

Question 50: Frederick William, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg-Prussia, succeeded because
● he freed the serfs, thus undermining an overly powerful nobility.
● he prevailed over the Estates, raised a strong army, and gave nobles greater control over the serfs.
● he promoted town growth as a counterbalance to noble power.
● he united the German principalities.

The West in the World, Ch 1 - 5

The West in the World, exam 1 (Ch. 1 - 5)
bold = correct answer
strike through = incorrect answer

1. The most important development of the Neolithic Age was
● agriculture

2. The defining elements of civilization in the Neolithic period include all of the following except?
● great stone pyramids.
● developed agriculture.
● permanent settlements.
● domesticated animals.

3. The earliest known civilization of Mesopotamia was
● Sumer

4. The Sumerian system of writing
● was called cuneiform.

5. Which of the following is not true about Hammurabi's law code
● It opens a window into our understanding of ancient daily life.
● It prescribes different penalties for each of the three social orders in Babylon.
● Its stated purpose was to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak.
● It provided for trial by jury.

6. The great pyramids of Egypt
● were monuments to the Sumerian gods.
● were built by colossal numbers of slaves.
● were part of the Egyptian belief in the afterlife.
● were built toward the end of Egyptian history.

7. The most important contribution of the Phoenicians to Western Civilization was
● the alphabet.

8. In addition to preaching monotheism, the Jewish prophets also
● declared that the essence of faith was making the proper sacrifices at the Temple in Jerusalem.
● preached that religion was not merely ritual, but also ethical behavior.
● argued that all Jews should abandon Jerusalem for Babylon.
● announced that God was indifferent to human behavior.

9. Among the Hebrew beliefs that have had an important impact on Western Civilization was
● the creation of the world at a specific time.
● the concept of ethical monotheism.
● that history was a purposeful, morally significant event.
● All of these options are correct.

10. The success of the Assyrian empire was based on
● the use of iron weaponry and systematic brutality.
● skilled administration and the spread of the Aramaic language.
● killed military engineers and a trained officer corps.
● All of these options are correct.

11. Which of the following was not a result of the widespread violence and movement of peoples in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 B.C.E.?
● a besieged and weakened Egyptian Empire
● the Trojan War and destruction of Troy
● the establishment of democracy at Athens
● the decline of Mycenaean civilization and its invasion by Dorian Greeks

12. The Greek invention of philosophy, or the search for knowledge, involved the idea that
● the world and the cosmos were accessible to human reason and based on natural laws.
● all could be learned by studying the texts of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
● the gods would reveal all knowledge according to their own plan.
● people could hasten the acquisition of knowledge by increasing religious sacrifices.

13. Athenian democracy differed from modern democracy in many ways, with several groups excluded. Which of the following was not excluded?
● women
● slaves
● persons not of Athenian ancestry, even though they were born in Athens
● the poor

14. Sparta developed a strict military state and society in order to
● keep their conquered people, or helots, in subjection and slavery.

15. Which of the following was not true of the Olympic Games?
● Men and women could compete together in some events.

16. Which of the following applies to Pericles, the architect of Athens's Golden Age?
● He was elected chief strategos, or commander, from 443 to 429 B.C.E.
● He provided the leadership for the rebuilding of the Acropolis to include the Parthenon.
● He advocated the supremacy of Athens over other members of the Delian League.
● All of these options are correct.

17. According to Thucydides, the Peloponnesian War was caused by
● Sparta's fear of Athens' growing power.

18. Which of the following was not an advantage for Athens in the war with Sparta?
● the best land army in Greece
● naval control of the Aegean
● long walls protecting harbor and city
● wealth and supplies from sea-borne trade

19. Socrates believed that
● there were no standards of truth and justice; only success counts.
● that true wisdom lies in the endless search for knowledge.
● that Alcibiades should have conquered the world.
● that all philosophical questions were meaningless

20. During the half century following the Peloponnesian War
● the major poleis recovered their original power and cultural vitality.
● the Persians conquered Greece and made it into a province.
● the Greeks united into a single state under the leadership of Sparta.
● constant warfare between the poleis weakened Greece politically and culturally.

21. During the Hellenistic period
● ancient Middle Eastern and Greek civilizations joined in a manner that changed them both.
● the Eastern Mediterranean was dominated by Greek language and culture.
● kings ruled large kingdoms rather than citizens ruling independent city-states.
● All of these options are correct.

22. Demosthenes opposed the expansion of Macedonia under Philip II because
● Philip threatened the traditional freedom and self-government of the poleis.
● Philip was a weak military commander and would not be able to fight the Persians.
● he wanted Sparta to assume the leadership of Greece.
● Macedonia was not rich enough to be the leader of the Greeks

23. Which of the following policies did Alexander not follow in his imperial rule?
● founding many cities to spread Greek urban life throughout the empire
● supporting intermarriage between Greeks and Asians
● destroying all conquered cities to obliterate non-Greek culture
● recruiting Persian soldiers as part of a new combined army

24. Alexander turned back from his quest for the end of the known world because
● his Macedonian troops refused to go on.
● he thought that the land extended forever.
● he was defeated by the kings of northern India.
● he was warned to go no further by his father Zeus.

25. Following Alexander's death, his empire
● was destroyed by an invasion of Mongols.

26. The Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt
● maintained the Empire of Alexander the Great intact.
● conducted their official business in Greek, while permitting traditional Egyptian culture to continue.
● suppressed Egyptian culture, thus bringing the civilization of Egypt to an end.
● extended their empire south into Ethiopia.

27. The Rosetta Stone was important because
● it recorded the deeds of Arsinoe II.

28. During the Hellenistic period women
● were increasingly sequestered from cultural, political and economic life.
● were granted political and voting rights in most kingdoms.
● were allowed freer access to economic and cultural professions.
● gained the right to pass down their names and heritage to their children.

29. The Maccabees led a Jewish revolt against King Antiochus IV because he
● wanted to move all the Jews to Egypt to establish a Jewish state there.
● converted to Judaism and insisted on being appointed high priest.
● forbade the Jews from trading with the Ptolomaic kingdom.
● attempted to Hellenize the Jews and violated the Temple with an altar to Zeus.

30. Although differing in approaches to life, the Hellenistic philosophies of Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Cynicism had many things in common. Which of the following was not shared by them?
● They argued for something of a withdrawal from the life of the cosmopolitan cities.
● They seldom appealed to really destitute people.
● They argued for an increased participation in the life of the polis.
● They emphasized control of the self and personal tranquility.

31. The Roman Republic established in 509 B.C.E. was
● a fully democratic government.
● an oligarchy controlled by the rich patricians.
● a socialist regime with property having been equally distributed.
● indirectly controlled by neighboring Etruscan kings

32. The "Struggle of the Orders" was between
● Roman patricians and Roman plebeians.

33. The Romans created a united community during their conquest of Italy by
● granting full or partial citizenship to various Latin communities.
● granting self-government to peoples as long as they supplied troops to Rome and followed Roman foreign policy.
● placing strategic colonies of Roman citizens throughout the peninsula.
● All of these options are correct.

34. Roman religion was
● monotheistic.
● polytheistic with gods and goddesses for practically everything.
● restricted to the worship of only Jupiter and Juno.
● a mystery cult open only to those who had been initiated into the secret ritual.

35. In order to fight a war with Carthage, the Romans
● added new legions with faster horses and more spears.
● built a navy equipped with ships that enabled soldiers to board enemy ships.
● allied themselves with the Macedonians.
● hired Greek soldiers since they had more experience at sea.

36. In the Second Punic War, Hannibal's strategy was to
● blockade the Italian coast with the large Carthaginian fleet.
● invade southern Italy with the aid of the Egyptian fleet.
● swiftly cross the Alps into Italy and, by winning some big battles, persuade Rome's subject peoples to join his side.
● entice the Romans to attack him in Spain and defeat them there with his carefully prepared defenses.

37. As a result of the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean, slavery
● decreased due to the increasing wealth of the Romans who could hire free workers.
● declined under the influence of the Hellenistic monarchies who prohibited slavery.
● increased as large numbers of prisoners of war were sold as slaves.
● stayed the same since Italy didn't need any larger work force.

38. Which of the following was not a factor in the growing disparity between the rich and poor during the second century B.C.E.?
● Small Roman farmers grew rich from the booty that flowed into Italy.
● Newly conquered provinces provided opportunities for the ruling class to make new fortunes from governing, tax contracts, slave trading, etc.
● Many common soldiers on long-term campaigns lost their farms to large landholders.
● Slave labor replaced free labor, reducing to poverty many citizens.

39. Which of the following reforms did Caesar not carry out when he took power?
● reestablishing the Senate and consuls as the chief Roman authorities
● introducing a new calendar of 365 days and a leap year every four years
● improving grain distribution to the people, and public works for jobs
● establishing Roman colonies for poor, landless citizens

40. Caesar was assassinated by
● a group of senators.

41. After the assassination of Julius Caesar
● the Roman Republic was restored.
● Alexander the Great conquered Rome.
● Hannibal led a plebeian uprising against the patricians.
● there was a series of civil wars that ended in the one-man rule of Augustus.

42. During his principate, Augustus did all of the following except
● abolish the Senate because of the great opposition that he found there.
● assume the powers of tribune and consul while permitting others to exercise the offices.
● use his personal wealth to balance the budget and rebuild Rome.
● accept the title "Father of the Fatherland."

43. The dynasty of Augustus, the dynasty of Vespasian, and the era of the Five Good Emperors all ended with
● the accession of an incompetent or viciously immoral son.
● a Germanic invasion that sacked Rome.
● an eruption of Vesuvius.
● a major slave revolt.

44. Which of the following was not a factor holding the Roman Empire together?
● ferocious repression of all rebellions
● widely spread Romanization through citizen colonies and military service
● local town councils that maintained infrastructure, collected taxes, and loyally reported to the imperial administration
● well-engineered roads and bridges, with an organized transport system

45. In order to improve the lives of the Romans, Augustus
● encouraged an opulent life-style of luxurious clothes and jewels for the rich.
● favored the growing gap between rich and poor.
● promoted legislation to encourage marriage, children, and traditional morality.
● forced only non-Romans to serve military duty.

46. The bloody displays of arena and circus served the purpose of showing
● the empire's dominance over its enemies.
● the generosity of the emperor who paid for the games, increasing loyalty to him.
● people how to face death bravely and honorably.
● All of these options are correct.

47. The increase of luxury spending by the rich during the high empire damaged the economy because
● less money circulated, limiting growth opportunities for the middle class.

48. Constantine shifted the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, later called Constantinople, because
● he had a major quarrel with the Roman Senate.
● Rome was sacked by the Visigoths.
● he wished to locate the capital nearer to vital military frontiers.
● he felt more Greek than Roman.

49. Which of the following is not true of the career of Jesus?
● He called for the overthrow of the Roman government.
● He taught a message of peace, love and care for the suffering and poor.
● He was reported to have performed miracles and cures.
● He was seen by his apostles to have risen from the dead after his crucifixion.

50. Once Christianity became the official religion of the empire,
● the artistic depictions of Christ started to change from the Good Shepherd to the lord of the universe.
● the organization of the Christian church began to duplicate the civil order of Rome.
● Christian bishops became bold enough to criticize the conduct of the emperor.
● All of these options are correct.